Vim muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau cov peev txheej thiab ib puag ncig hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov chaw haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv tau tawm tswv yim lub hom phiaj ntawm "ua tiav kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, tsim kom muaj lub zej zog txuag cov peev txheej thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig" thiab "ua kom ntseeg tau tias yuav txo tau 20% ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab txo 10% ntawm tag nrho cov pa phem loj raws li tau txiav txim siab hauv Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos Thib Kaum Ib". Hauv Suav teb,kev ua pov thawjua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom siv tshuab, nrog rau kev tsim khoom casting qeb duas thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb rau rau xyoo sib law liag. Muaj ntau dua 27000 lub tuam txhab casting, ntawm cov uas, tshwj tsis yog ob peb lub tuam txhab loj nrog cov thev naus laus zis casting siab heev, cov khoom siv tsim khoom zoo heev, thiab cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yooj yim, feem ntau cov tuam txhab casting tseem muaj cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom qub, cov khoom siv tsim khoom qub, thiab cov teeb meem tiv thaiv ib puag ncig uas tsis tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv teev sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Kev lag luam foundry hauv peb lub teb chaws tab tom ntsib teeb meem loj heev hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Raws li cov ntawv ceeb toom, 80% txog 95% ntawm Tuam Tshoj tuskev ua pov thawjCov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau siv kev txhaj tshuaj tes, thiab tsawg dua 5% ntawm tag nrho cov cub tawg tau nruab nrog cov chaw tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo. Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm cov tuam txhab casting muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw nyuaj, cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom rov qab, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntau. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam casting, cov tuam txhab muaj ob qho chaw casting subfields lossis cov chaw ua haujlwm subordinate rau lub Hoobkas tsim khoom, nrog rau cov chaw casting kev tshaj lij thiab ntau lub nroog casting nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qib ntau lawm thiab qhov loj me, muaj ob qho tib si foundries loj nrog cov tshuab siab, cov thev naus laus zis siab heev, thiab cov zis txhua xyoo ntawm kaum tawm txhiab tons ntawmcov khoom pov thawj, nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom me me nrog cov khoom siv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm tes, thev naus laus zis qub dhau lawm, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntau dua ib puas tons ntawm cov khoom siv castings. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog, cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig, thiab cov nqi zog ua haujlwm, kev tsim cov khoom siv castings hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho sab hnub poob tau txo qis, thiab lawv tau maj mam tig mus rau cov teb chaws tsim kho kom yuav cov khoom siv castings dav dav, thaum tseem xa tawm cov khoom siv castings zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis siab thiab muaj nqis ntxiv rau cov teb chaws tsim kho. Tam sim no, kev nrawm ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb muab ob qho tib si lub sijhawm thiab kev cov nyom rau kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam foundry. Qhov kev thov rau Suav castings hauv ob qho tib si thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lag luam hauv tsev tab tom qhia txog kev loj hlob txuas ntxiv.
Cov khoom siv casting,casting xuab zeb ua molding
Raws li qib tam sim no ntawm kev siv tshuab casting thiab cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv Suav teb, tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav cov hauv kev zoo los ua tiav "kev casting ntsuab thiab ib puag ncig zoo" los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
1. Kev tsim cov qauv kev tsim khoom ntsuab rau kev lag luam foundry suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb xws li kev tsim khoom tsim thiab cov txheej txheem, cov khoom siv siv thev naus laus zis, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov cuab yeej siv, kev sim thev naus laus zis, kev siv tshuab automation, thiab lwm yam. Cov no yog cov khoom sib txuas, sib txuas, thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam foundry txoj kev ciaj sia thiab kev loj hlob Tsim cov castings ntsuab thiab cov txheej txheem casting kom ntseeg tau tias "zoo ntsuab" ntawm cov khoom casting thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, thiab ua kom zoo dua cov khoom ib puag ncig ntawm castings thoob plaws lawv lub neej tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw Xav txog cov yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha, cov peev txheej, thiab kev tso tawm cov pa phem thiab pov tseg, cov thev naus laus zis casting ntsuab thiab cov cuab yeej siv txheej txheem tau txais yuav los hloov cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom pabcuam (cov tswv yim) mus rau hauv castings (cov khoom siv tau), yog li ua tiav qhov tseeb "ntsuab thiab ib puag ncig casting" kev tsim khoom Hloov cov khoom siv raw ib txwm muaj thiab lawv cov thev naus laus zis siv nrog cov khoom siv raw huv thiab ib puag ncig thiab lawv cov thev naus laus zis siv; ④ Txais yuav cov thev naus laus zis nrhiav thiab tswj hwm siab heev, ceev thiab raug, ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem ntau lawm casting, tshem tawm lossis txo cov pov tseg casting, txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig casting, txo kev siv zog thiab kev ua qias tuaj los ntawm kev tshawb pom tsis raws sijhawm lossis tsis raug, thiab ua tiav "ntsuab thiab ib puag ncig casting"; ⑤ Siv cov txheej txheem kho kav dej uas siv tau thiab zoo los txo cov pa phem rau hauv ib puag ncig. Ntxiv nrog rau kev muab cov kev cai rau cov yam saum toj no, nws tseem tsim nyog los sib xyaw nrog cov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam foundry, kom cov tuam txhab lag luam tuaj yeem txais yuav txoj kev tswj hwm zoo tshaj plaws (tus nqi qis, ua haujlwm tau zoo) kom ua tiav cov pa phem kawg uas ua tau raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig hauv tebchaws.
2. Pib los ntawm ntau yam xws li kev siv tshuab casting, cov ntaub ntawv molding, thiab cov khoom siv casting
Qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig hauv kev lag luam foundry hauv Suav teb yog qhov txhawj xeeb. Kev siv zog tuaj yeem ua los txhawb kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig hauv kev lag luam foundry los ntawm ntau yam xws li kev siv tshuab casting, cov ntaub ntawv molding, thiab cov khoom siv casting: ① Kev siv tshuab casting thiab cov ntaub ntawv molding: Kev casting xuab zeb yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab casting, suav txog 80% txog 90% ntawm tag nrho cov casting ntau lawm. Hauv kev tsim khoom casting, kev ua qias tuaj ntawm hmoov av, kev ua qias tuaj ntawm huab cua, thiab kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov khoom siv molding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molding ntawm xuab zeb casting yog qhov loj tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom ua tiav kev tsim khoom ntsuab thiab huv si hauv kev casting xuab zeb, cov khoom siv inorganic ntsuab yuav tsum tau siv ntau li ntau tau, thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv yuav tsum tau txo kom ntau li ntau tau (qhov zoo dua tsis muaj cov khoom siv binders). Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev rov ua dua cov xuab zeb qub thiab yuav txo qhov kev nyuaj siab rau ib puag ncig. Ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev casting xuab zeb tam sim no koom nrog, kev casting ua npuas dej ploj thiab V-txoj kev casting siv cov xuab zeb qhuav tsis muaj nplaum, nrog rau cov xuab zeb iav dej casting nrog nplaum, yog qhov yuav ua tiav "ntsuab thiab ib puag ncig zoo casting" cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Cov nplaum uas tsis muaj nplaum ploj ua npuas ncauj yog hu ua "kev siv tshuab casting tshiab ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st" thiab "kev tsim kho ntsuab hauv kev casting" Cov khoom siv Casting: Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia yog yaj thiab tsim los ntawm kev siv cov cub tawg, uas siv cov khoom siv refractory huv thiab ntev, cov cua kub ua haujlwm siab, thiab cov kua hlau kaw kev thauj mus los, nchuav, thiab cov txheej txheem kho pwm kom txo cov hlau oxidation thiab slag tsim; Kev siv cov kev ntsuas pom zoo ntawm International Council for Casting Environment Control rau kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv cub tawg tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov hmoov av thaum lub sijhawm smelting; Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis granulation slag txias dej tuaj yeem ua rau slag ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo heev; Siv cov pa roj tawm ntawm lub cub tawg kom dav. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev tsim khoom casting, cov khoom siv txheej txheem uas tsim cov hmoov av thiab suab nrov, xws li kev thauj mus los, kev tshuaj ntsuam, kev ntxuav, thiab cov khoom siv xuab zeb poob, tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm cov qauv khoom kom txo lossis tshem tawm cov hmoov av.
3. Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab ua kom muaj kev txuag cov khoom siv tau dhau los ua lub hom phiaj ceev uas cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau ua. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv Suav teb tsim lossis ua kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis, lawv kuj yuav tsum sib koom tes siv cov khib nyiab rov qab. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov hauv qab no: ① Thaum tsim cov phiaj xwm hloov pauv, ua ntej xav txog kev nce kev nqis peev hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab nws raug pom zoo tias kev nqis peev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig suav rau ntau dua 15% ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej; ② Siv cov khoom siv casting siab heev uas yog tshuab, tsis siv neeg, thiab kaw kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig; ③ Siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom huv si los txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm; ④ Tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg los ntawm kev xa mus rau cov txheej txheem pov tseg ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom txawv teb chaws; ⑤ Ua raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev txo qis, rov siv dua, thiab rov ua dua hauv kev lag luam ncig.
Kev ua casting ntsuab thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig "yog ib qho kev qhia txog kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom. Pib los ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom, theem thev naus laus zis, qib zoo ntawm cov khoom, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv raw, kev txawj ntse ntawm kev siv tshuab casting, theem kev tswj hwm zoo, thiab cov pa phem ntawm cov xuab zeb pov tseg, cov pa roj pov tseg, hmoov av, cov khib nyiab seem, suab nrov, thiab lwm yam ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam casting, kos duab rau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws thiab kev xyaum, thiab raws li cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm, thiab cov kev xav tau yooj yim ntawm kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam casting thiab theem thev naus laus zis casting, cov qauv yooj yim rau kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm ntau yam kev sib txuas ntau lawm hauv cov txheej txheem casting tau tsim los ua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, kev kho dua tshiab, kev nthuav dav, thiab cov haujlwm hloov pauv thev naus laus zis ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tuam txhab casting. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tuam txhab casting tau raug qauv, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau txhawb nqa kom ua tiav "kev ua casting ntsuab thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig", Txhim kho qib thev naus laus zis ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam foundry kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho sai ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-10-2025